The Nature of Pictorial Representations

A crucial question in the study of picture perception asks about whether, when perceiving an object in
a picture, we see only the depicted scene or, rather, we simultaneously see both the depicted scene and
the surface. Two different views have fueled the debate since a long time. According to Wollheim, we see
both the depicted scene and the picture’s surface simultaneously. Call this the ‘simultaneous account
of picture perception’ (SA). SA is in contrast with Gombrich’s view that, during picture perception, we
do not simultaneously see both the depicted scene and the surface, but we alternate between these two
visual states. Call this the ‘non-simultaneous account of picture perception’ (NA). The debate between
these two positions still persists in the contemporary literature on picture perception. In this paper, I first
analyze the notion of vision SA and NA are committed to. Then, by discussing empirical evidence from
vision science, I offer an argument that supports SA.