A taxonomy of the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship: firm types and knowledge sources

Knowledge-intensive firms increasingly harness geographical proximity to enhance collaboration and knowledge exchange within dynamic clusters. This paper examines knowledge spillovers and their impact on innovation within dynamic clusters, focusing on how different firm types – startups, spin-offs, unicorns, and hidden champions – absorb and utilize external knowledge. We develop a taxonomy categorizing these firms based on their unique characteristics, knowledge sources, and absorptive capacities. By analyzing how these distinct firm types engage with the cluster environment and leverage knowledge spillovers, this study provides valuable insights for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and researchers. The framework contributes to a deeper understanding of knowledge diffusion dynamics and informs strategies for fostering innovation within technology transfer ecosystems.