A Basal Trajectory-Based Framework for Handling Circadian Variations of Insulin Sensitivity

Type 1 diabetes (T1Ds) is a chronic disease characterized by the absence of insulin production, causing high blood glucose (BG) levels. Although exogenous insulin therapy helps control glucose, its effectiveness is limited by patient-specific variability, particularly the circadian rhythm of insulin sensitivity. This work investigates periodic glycemic trajectories (basal trajectories) as stabilizable targets for model predictive control (MPC). Two stable control formulations are proposed: one using basal trajectories as terminal constraints, and another introducing auxiliary trajectories to expand the domain of attraction. Preclinical in silico tests under varying insulin sensitivity patterns demonstrate the benefits of explicitly incorporating circadian variability into the controller design.