Simulation Applied in Product-Service System (PSS): System Dynamics Potentials of Supporting Sustainable PSS Development

The rapid evolution of market demand towards more sustainable solutions has brought manufacturing companies to extend their traditional product-centric offerings with new service-oriented proposals, based on a mix of tangible products and intangible services. Such a combination, known as Product-Service Systems (PSS), represents for manufacturing companies an opportunity to generate new revenues, increase customer loyalty, optimize resource consumption in a sustain-able fashion, and differentiate from competitors. This offer’s focus on the needs of the consumer is crucial, but for it to be financially sustainable for the business, it must also be feasible at the economic level. Equally significant are the other dimensions of the Triple Bottom Line, the environmental and social ones, that have the potential to be improved with a PSS solution but they could not exceed the economic sustain-ability. Therefore, it is crucial to enable the identification of the trade-off between a PSS’s effe...