I rapporti tra Iran e Santa Sede

This chapter analyzes the evolution of diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Iran from the 13th century to 2016, with particular focus on the post-revolutionary period (1979). The author traces a historical path starting from the presence of the first Dominican and Franciscan missionaries in Persia during the Pax Mongolica, through the institutionalization of diplomatic relations under Pius XII (1953), up to Pope Francis's pontificate. The text highlights how relations have been characterized by alternating phases: from collaboration during the Safavid era, to decline in the 18th century, to revival in the 20th century with elevation to Apostolic Nunciature (1966). Special attention is given to the difficult post-revolutionary period, marked by the American hostage crisis (1979-1981), the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), and Vatican mediation attempts. The study emphasizes the role of the "dialogue among civilizations" promoted by President Khatami and Iran's strategic importance in the contemporary Middle Eastern context.