Concessions and similar instruments in Italy

The chapter focuses on the Italian legal system and begins with a brief introduction to the key regulatory references for the Italian system concerning the concession regime and other similar or partially different models, such as authorization regimes. Particular attention is given to concessions within the framework of the recent Public Contracts Code, Legislative Decree 36 of 2023, whose articles 176 to 192 are specifically dedicated to concessions. The introduction also includes references to the most recent national jurisprudence, particularly regarding concessions. This is followed by an analysis of indi- vidual case studies, concluding with brief summary notes in which we attempt to highlight how different tools are used for each area or subject considered in Italy, due in part to the specificity of the sector examined. It is also noted that, in many sectors, regional discipline and municipal regulation are relevant, leading to differentiated solutions depending on the specific territory in question.