Optimized carbohydrate suggestions and insulin dosing in Artificial Pancreas: dual-action Pulsatile Zone MPC with non-standard IOB constraints for physical activity management

This study introduces an enhanced pulsatile Zone Model Predictive Control (pZMPC) approach for managing blood glucose in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Building on the prior work of Licini et al. [1], the proposed method aims to counteract the effects of physical activity through two novel extensions: (i) a dual-action MPC that incorporates both insulin infusion and hypoglycemic treatment (HT) suggestions, and (ii) the inclusion of a non-standard Insulin On Board (IOB) constraint along with an asymmetric cost function that penalizes hypoglycemia more than hyperglycemia. These innovations help to improve BG control by addressing the challenges posed by increased insulin sensitivity and glucose consumption during physical activity. Our simulation results show that the enhanced MPC maintains safe BG levels with fewer hypoglycemic events compared to single-action approach.