Match Manipulation

Match-fixing or the manipulation of sport competitions is a phenomenon that has been attracting increasing attention in recent years, due to the number of incidents emerging in sport world-wide. While match-fixing is not a new phenomenon, its complexity in the way in which it manifests within sport has yet to be fully captured, potentially obstructing any efforts to challenge it. This entry provides an account of the various types of match-fixing, the actors, processes, and organisational structures involved, as well as its often close link with betting, in order to better capture the phenomenon at hand. It also offers a discussion on the increasing international and national efforts to combat the manipulation of sport competitions world-wide and protect sport's integrity, including legal provisions, policy responses and educational initiatives, as well as on the disparity of the practices and their implementation in different settings around the world.