Rethinking Lean Management practices to include High-Functioning Autistic (HFA) conditions in manufacturing environments

In an industrial context that, following Industry 5.0 principles, aims to be inclusive, the scientific community must identify possible interventions in processes, layout, and business organization to ensure humancentered production where no one is excluded or marginalized. Among the different conditions of diversity that should be adequately considered for inclusive work environments, autism remains especially critical. Various studies have highlighted, and continue to emphasize, the high unemployment rates among autistic individuals, particularly those with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HFASD). Despite this arising need, literature still lacks structured and holistic approaches to promote an inclusive work environment for employees with HFASD, especially in a context where diagnoses of HFASD and autism have increased in recent years, thanks to more accurate assessments tools and greater awareness of neurodiversity conditions across industries. To address such issue, the present study proposes interventions applicable primarily in the manufacturing company context to improve the work experience of people with HFASD. Interventions that, in this particular instance, are predicated on the principles and practices of lean manufacturing, a manufacturing paradigm that has always prioritized the valorization of the unique set of capabilities, qualities, and characteristics of each individual, by respecting and involving people in business dynamics. To this end, a literature review was conducted to identify the main characteristics of people with HFASD, accompanied by a detailed listing of the main lean techniques (both hard and soft) that can be applied in industrial settings to favor their employability. The research thus offers a first concrete approach to improving the inclusion of people with HFASD in manufacturing contexts, providing insights for companies intending to create a more inclusive environment