Low-power clock distribution circuits for the Macro Pixel ASIC

Clock distribution circuits account for a significant fraction of the power dissipation of the Macro Pixel ASIC (MPA), designed for the pixel layer readout of the so-called Pixel-Strip module in the innermost part of the CMS tracker at the HL-LHC. This work reviews different CMOS circuit architectures envisioned for low power clock distribution in the MPA. Two main topologies will be discussed, based on standard supply voltage and on auxiliary, reduced supply. Circuit performance, in terms of power consumption and speed, is evaluated for each of the proposed solutions and compared with that relevant to standard CMOS drivers.